Types of Lock

A lock is a mechanical or electronic fastening device that is released by a physical object (such as a key, keycard, fingerprint, RFID card, or security token) or secret information (such as a keycode or password), or combination of more than one of these.

Typically, in pin-tumbler and wafer-tumbler applications, a lock in the rest position is closed. The key has a series of grooves on either side of the key (the key's blade), which limit the type of lock the key can slide into. As the key slides into the lock, the grooves on the blade of the key align with the wards in the keyway allowing or denying entry to the cylinder. Then, a series of pointed teeth and notches on the blade called bittings allow pins or wafers to move up and down until they are in line with the shear line of the inner and outer cylinder, allowing the cylinder or cam to rotate freely inside the lock and the lock to open.

Types of locks

Locks may be entirely mechanical, or electromechanical. They may be operated by turning some form of removable key, by keying or dialling in a combination which directly or via electromechanical means operates the lock, with some form of magnetic or other card reader, or by moving a part on a safety lock intended to prevent accidental operation rather than to prevent unauthorized access.

Warded lock

The warded lock is one of the earliest types of locks. It said to have been developed in China.

Tumbler locks

Pin-tumbler lock

The Pin tumbler lock is the most widespread lock in the western world. Pin-tumbler locks have been around in some form since 2000 BCE. The Egyptian form of this lock was large, heavy, and made of wood, with pins made of metal, usually bronze, but sometimes iron. This design in its modern form was first patented in 1805 in England. The patent holder was an American named A.O. Stansbury. In the middle of the 18th century, the American locksmiths Linus Yale Sr. and his son, Linus Yale Jr., refined the lock design into the form recognizable today. These early versions of the pin-tumbler lock were expensive to produce, and did not become widely available until mass production became feasible.

Wafer-tumbler lock

The first patent for the wafer lock was issued in the United States in 1868 to P.S. Felter. The wafer lock is relatively inexpensive to produce and is often used in automobiles and cabinetry. This type of lock is generally made of die-cast zinc alloy.

Lever locks

Lever locks were invented in Europe in the 17th century. This is a popular lock type for safes and North American prisons today, as they are generally built of strong materials. They are also used as door locks in some countries. This is the type of lock that replaced the medieval warded lock in the 19th century. Robert Barron of England patented the double-acting lever in 1778. Jeremiah Chubb would follow with his own detector lock in 1818.

Disc tumbler lock

The disc tumbler lock or Abloy lock was invented in 1907, and is widespread in Finland. The mechanism contains no springs and is durable. Picking the lock is too hard compared to alternative means of gaining entry.

Other types

There are also many other types of lock, such as warded locks, tubular locks, electronic locks (itself a huge area) and also many variations of the various types, such as dimple locks, which are a variation on Yale's original cylinder lock in which the pins interact with the side of the key rather than the edge, "laser track" car locks, which are a variation on wafer locks, and some higher security lever locks also include the types of warding found on warded locks.

List of common locks

Bicycle lock

Cam lock

Child safety lock

Combination lock

Cylinder lock

Deadbolt Lock

Liver Lock

Disc tumbler lock

Warded lock

Cruciform (or Zeiss) lock

Biometric lock

Chastity Belt Lock

Chubb detector lock

WindowsXP OS Lock

Electric strike

Electronic lock

Keycard lock

Luggage lock

Magnetic lock

Padlock

Police Hand Cuff Lock 

Protector Lock

RFID Lock

Time lock

Chamber lock

Top Ten Ways to Improve Your Technical Skills

In 10 Reasons to Develop Your Technical Skills, I explained why it’s important to develop your technical skills as an integral part of your personal development efforts.  Strong technical skills can save you time, increase your income, and enable you to extract the most bang-per-buck from your technology purchases.

I promised you an article on the how, so here are 10 things you can do to improve your technical skills, regardless of your current skill level:

1. Read technical books

One of the best ways to improve your technical skills is by reading books.  As a teenager I used to buy computer books at the local bookstore.  Today it’s far better to shop online because you can more easily find the true gems and avoid the lemons.  Visit Amazon.com, search for a book on a particular topic you wish to learn, and check the reviews and ratings.  Look for books with at least 4 out of 5 stars (I usually don’t buy any with less than 4.5 stars).  Take advantage of Amazon’s browsing features to quickly find the best books in any field.

Even when you opt to buy technical books locally (such as for an easy return if it doesn’t suit you), you can still check the online reviews to rule out the bad ones.  Take your time previewing books in the bookstore or online, especially if cost is a concern.  If you can’t understand the first chapter, don’t waste your money.

Although technical books can be expensive and are often padded with lengthy code listings and other fluff, the good ones make up for it with clearly organized, well-edited, well-indexed content.  Books in their second edition or later are a great choice because they’ve already been through at least one round of testing in the marketplace.

2. Read online tutorials

The advantage of online tutorials over books is that they’re accessible, timely, and of course free.  The disadvantage is that they usually aren’t professionally edited, which can leave them lacking in completeness and/or clarity.  However, they often sport other features like abundant interlinking, user comments, and interactive demos.  Sometimes the comments are better than the original information, since they can contain lots of additional tips and suggestions.  I find this is particularly true of reference sites like php.net (a reference site for PHP).

My favorite way of finding online tutorials is to use Google.  If I need a CSS tutorial, I’ll search on CSS tutorial.  I usually find something halfway decent in the top 5 results this way.  Other variations that work well include how to XXX, XXX reference, and simply XXX, where XXX is whatever you wish to learn.

3. Hang out with geeks

If you spend enough time with technical people, some of their knowledge will rub off on you.  Even geeks learn from other geeks, but if you aren’t much of a geek yourself, a great way to accelerate the development of your technical skills is to join a local computer club or users group.  Use APCUG (Association of Personal Computer User Groups) and/or WUGNET (Windows Users Group Network) to find a group near you.  Such groups usually welcome new members of any skill level.  Contact one of them and attend a meeting as a guest to see if you like it.

Once you join a computer club or other geek-ridden association, volunteering is a great way to make fast friends.  These nonprofit associations are frequently in need of volunteers for committee and project work; even if your technical skills are weak, they often just need raw manpower.  When I decided to become active in the Association of Shareware Professionals during the late 90s, I put a lot of energy into volunteering.  I wrote articles for their newsletter and served a year each as vice-president and president of the association.  It was a lot of work to be sure, but I learned a great deal from working closely with the other volunteers.  Many of those lessons have proven invaluable in running this personal development web site.  In fact, writing those articles, which gradually became less technical and more motivational, contributed to my 2004 career switch from software development to personal development.

4. Subscribe to technical magazines

Technical magazines used to be one of my favorite outlets for learning, but I cancelled all my magazine subscriptions years ago.  During the early 80s, I spent many long hours typing in BASIC programs from Family Computing and similar magazines (it took me a long time because I hadn’t yet learned to type).  While I think print magazines are less useful today — the same info can often be found online for free – they’re an inexpensive way to improve your general technical skills, especially if you’re unlikely to push yourself in other ways.  The professional editing and experienced writers are a big plus.

5. Take classes

If group learning is your thing, look for college extension courses and other classroom and workshop offerings in your area.  Periodically I get catalogs in the mail from UNLV, and while I lived in Los Angeles, I received them from UCLA, Learning Tree University, Pierce College, Santa Monica College, and others.

A key advantage of classroom learning is the opportunity to interact with an experienced educator.  Teachers with decades of experience know plenty of educational distinctions you won’t find in books or online tutorials.  And unlike many technical writers, they know how to teach.

If you really want the degree, consider going to college and majoring in a technical subject.  I earned Bachelor of Science degrees in Computer Science and Mathematics.  But given my path after college, these degrees were unnecessary busywork rather than practical skill building.  I started learning to program when I was 10 years old, and while I did pick up some additional distinctions in college, it would have been a better use of my time to skip college altogether and learn the info on my own.  In the long run, I found my math and physics classes far more useful than my computer science ones — my knowledge of the former didn’t become obsolete so rapidly.

6. Create your own web site

Long-term readers of this site know I’m a big fan of experiential learning.  Setting a goal to create a basic web site is a great way to learn practical skills like HTML and CSS.  When you have a compelling reason to learn, your goals will accelerate your learning, and you’ll learn with a focus on practical application.

I learned HTML in 1995 when I wanted to make my first web site.  I created the site as I learned the HTML language, gradually evolving it from the basic “Hello, world” example.  Later I learned CSS, PHP, MySQL, and RSS, so I could do more interesting things than plain vanilla HTML would allow.

Erin learned web programming in the same manner.  She wasn’t a technically adept person when we first met, but attempting to create her first web site got her in motion.  Eventually she started a web consulting practice, creating dozens of small business web sites.  She also built her own sites including VegFamily.com and ErinPavlina.com and generates most of her income from them.  So the simple decision to make some basic web sites eventually led to generating abundant sustainable income from online businesses.  We learned by doing.

7. Build your own PC

If you want to develop better hardware skills, a great project is to build your own PC from scratch.  I did this in 2004 and found it very rewarding.  You’ll save money, learn a lot about how your computer works, and end up with a nicely customized machine that you can easily upgrade.  After all the components arrived, it took me about a day to assemble everything and install the necessary software.  This may or may not be a good use of your time, but I found it worthwhile for the experience.  I still use this same PC today, and it’s plenty fast enough for my needs.

A detailed, novice-friendly, step-by-step tutorial I used can be found at My Super PC.  I used PriceWatch.com to find the best online prices for all the components, which beat local retail prices by about 30% on average.  I remember buying several components from NewEgg.com.

If this project makes you nervous, I wouldn’t recommend it.  But if you feel comfortable researching and selecting components and carefully following assembly directions, it’s a rewarding way to spend a day.

8. Embrace a variety of software

General software productivity improves with breadth of experience, so use many different software programs (online or offline) to improve your overall ability to get things done through software.  I started using software in 1981, and such broad experience makes it easy for me to learn new applications quickly.  I usually dive in and start using them without going through the tutorials or reading the manual.  This saves me a lot of time and makes it easier for me to justify the effort of installing new software and upgrading old software.

When Erin has trouble figuring out how to do something in one of her applications, I’m often able to solve her problem in seconds even if I’m not familiar with the program.  After using hundreds of different software programs, you eventually learn to think like an interface programmer, so you intuit how certain features are likely to be implemented.  Think of it as technical intuition.

Branch out from software myopia, and experience the full richness of using many different interfaces.  You’ll learn a lot about interface design from image editing programs, programming tools, and of course computer games.  The greater the variety of interfaces you experience, the faster you’ll be able to learn and master each new program you use.

9. Learn to program

Programming is the art of instructing a computer to perform a task.  The key to accomplishing this feat is learning to think like a computer.  Programming is one of the most mentally challenging tasks a human being can perform, but nothing compares to the satisfaction of engineering a piece of code to solve a specific problem.  Ask any programmer. 

I learned to program in BASIC at age 10 and later went on to learn over a dozen programming languages.  The challenge of developing my logic and analytical skills at such a young age has served me well my entire life, even in seemingly non-technical pursuits.

For example, I tackle many personal development problems with a programmer’s mindset.  How do we define the problem?  What are the possible solutions?  Which solution best meets our constraints?  What are the instruction steps to implement the solution?  Does the solution produce the desired output?  Can we make this solution more elegant or optimal?  I’ve taken the common programming process of requirements gathering, architecture, design, coding, debugging, and optimization and applied it to personal development.

While humans certainly aren’t as precise or predictable as machines — we have major compatibility issues, sometimes even with ourselves — a programmer’s mindset can generate effective solutions to very human problems.  Intuition is a big factor in both personal development and programming, but I like that there’s a structured fallback process that works in both fields.  It’s much harder to use this process in personal development though because we know how a computer thinks, but we’re still figuring out how humans think.

10. Marry a geek

Your final salvation on the road to geekdom is to – gasp – marry a geek.  I shudder to think of the technical purgatory Erin would be wallowing in right now if we’d never met.  I almost cried when I first saw her slogging away on a 10″ monochrome Mac in 1994, and I soon gave her a pity upgrade to a PC with a 14″ SVGA monitor.  I told her that if I die first, she’ll need to marry another geek right away – an easy task for someone with her social skills.

If you aren’t a geek yourself, then do what you can to recruit one into your family.  If that’s too much to ask, at least find a geek you can befriend.  They can really save you in a jam, and they’ll keep you from falling too far behind the rest of the world.

Be kind to your geek friends, and offer them fair value in exchange for their help.  Creative trades are often welcome.  For example, Erin and I are both inept when it comes to fashion and home decorating (my colorblindness certainly doesn’t help), so someone who can teach us how to dress and buy furniture that matches would be a welcome ally.  Right now the best we’ve got is our six-year old daughter.  She’s very sure of herself, but I’m not sure her advice can be trusted.

In case you haven’t noticed yet, geeks are taking over the world.  How many geek billionaires are there now, including the richest person in the world?  Technical skills are of major importance these days, and the technical have-nots are more estranged than ever.  As hockey legend Wayne Gretzky says, “Skate where the puck is going, not where it’s been.”