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| Italian Speaking Countries in World Map |
Friday, August 26, 2011
Smart card, Chip card, Integrated circuit card
Applications and Working Methods Smart card, Credit card, Debit card, SIM card, ATM card, Magnetic stripe card
A smart card, chip card, or integrated circuit card (ICC), is any pocket-sized card with embedded integrated circuits. A smart card or microprocessor cards contain volatile memory and microprocessor components. The card is made of plastic, generally polyvinyl chloride, but sometimes acrylonitrile butadiene styrene or polycarbonate . Smart cards may also provide strong security authentication for single sign-on (SSO) within large organizations.
Applications
Computer security
The Mozilla Firefox web browser can use smart cards to store certificates for use in secure web browsing.Some disk encryption systems, such as FreeOTFE, TrueCrypt and Microsoft Windows 7 BitLocker, can use smart cards to securely hold encryption keys, and also to add another layer of encryption to critical parts of the secured disk.
Smart cards are also used for single sign-on to log on to computers.
Smart card support functionality has been added to Windows Live passports.
Credit cards
Main articles: Contactless smart card and Credit card
These are the best known payment cards (classic plastic card):- Visa: Visa Contactless, Quick VSDC—"qVSDC", Visa Wave, MSD, payWave
- MasterCard: PayPass Magstripe, PayPass MChip
- American Express: ExpressPay
- Discover: Zip
Non-EMV cards work like magnetic stripe cards. This is a typical USA card technology (PayPass Magstripe and VISA MSD). The cards do not hold/maintain the account balance. All payment passes without a PIN, usually in off-line mode. The security of such a transaction is no greater than with a magnetic stripe card transaction.
EMV cards have contact and contactless interfaces. They work as a normal EMV card via contact interface. Via contactless interface they work somewhat differently in that the card command sequence adopts contactless features such as low power and short transaction time.
Cryptographic smart cards
Cryptographic smart cards are often used for single sign-on. Most advanced smart cards include specialized cryptographic hardware that uses algorithms such as RSA and DSA. Today's cryptographic smart cards generate key pairs on board, to avoid the risk from having more than one copy of the key (since by design there usually isn't a way to extract private keys from a smart card). Such smart cards are mainly used for digital signature and secure identification, (see applications section).The most common way to access cryptographic smart card functions on a computer is to use a vendor-provided PKCS#11 library. On Microsoft Windows the CSP API is also supported.
The most widely used cryptographic algorithms in smart cards (excluding the GSM so-called "crypto algorithm") are Triple DES and RSA. The key set is usually loaded (DES) or generated (RSA) on the card at the personalization stage.
Some of these smart cards are also made to support the NIST standard for Personal Identity Verification, FIPS 201.
Financial
Smart cards serve as credit or ATM cards, fuel cards, mobile phone SIMs, authorization cards for pay television, household utility pre-payment cards, high-security identification and access-control cards, and public transport and public phone payment cards.Smart cards may also be used as electronic wallets. The smart card chip can be "loaded" with funds to pay parking meters and vending machines or at various merchants. Cryptographic protocols protect the exchange of money between the smart card and the accepting machine. No connection to the issuing bank is necessary, so the holder of the card can use it even if not the owner. Examples are Proton, Geldkarte, Chipknip and Mon€o. The German Geldkarte is also used to validate customer age at vending machines for cigarettes.
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| Sim Card |
Health care (medical)
Smart health cards can improve the security and privacy of patient information, provide a secure carrier for portable medical records, reduce health care fraud, support new processes for portable medical records, provide secure access to emergency medical information, enable compliance with government initiatives and mandates, and provide the platform to implement other applications as needed by the health care organization.Identification
A quickly growing application is in digital identification. In this application, the cards authenticate identity. The most common example employs Public key infrastructure (PKI). The card stores an encrypted digital certificate issued from the PKI provider along with other relevant information. Examples include the U.S. Department of Defense (DoD) Common Access Card (CAC), and various identification cards used by many governments for their citizens. Combined with biometrics, cards can provide two- or three-factor authentication. Smart cards are not always privacy-enhancing, because the subject carries possibly incriminating information on the card. Contactless smart cards that can be read from within a wallet or even a garment simplify authentication.The first smart card driver's license system in the world was implemented in 1987 in Turkey. Turkey had a high level of road accidents and decided to develop and use digital tachograph devices on heavy vehicles, instead of the existing mechanical ones, to reduce speed violations. Since 1987, the professional driver's licenses in Turkey are issued as smart cards and the driver is required to insert his driver's license into the digital tachograph before starting to drive. The tachograph unit records speed violations for each driver and gives a printed report. The driving hours for each driver is also being monitored and reported. In 1990 the European Union conducted a feasibility study through BEVAC Consulting Engineers, titled "Feasibility study with respect to a European electronic drivers licence (based on a smart-card) on behalf of Directorate General VII". In this study, chapter seven is dedicated to the experience in Turkey, stating that the electronic driver's license application, in the form of smart cards, was first implemented in Turkey in 1987.
A smart card driver's license system was later issued in 1995 in Mendoza province of Argentina. Mendoza had a high level of road accidents, driving offenses, and a poor record of recovering outstanding fines. Smart licenses hold up-to-date records of driving offenses and unpaid fines. They also store personal information, license type and number, and a photograph. Emergency medical information such as blood type, allergies, and biometrics (fingerprints) can be stored on the chip if the card holder wishes. The Argentina government anticipates that this system will help to collect more than $10 million per year in fines.
In 1999 Gujarat was the first Indian state to introduce a smart card license system. To date it has issued 5 million smart card driving licenses to its people.
“ | a national ID card, protected by a 1,024-bit key code, is impossible to break without a supercomputer working away for a hundred years | ” |
By the start of 2009 the entire population of Spain and Belgium will have an eID card that is used for identification. These cards contain two certificates: one for authentication and one for signature. This signature is legally enforceable. More and more services in these countries use eID for authorization.
Smart cards are also beginning to be used in emergency situations. In 2004, The Smart Card Alliance issued a statement expressing the need to "to enhance security, increase Government efficiency, reduce identity fraud, and protect personal privacy by establishing a mandatory, Government-wide standard for secure and reliable forms of identification". In light of this, emergency response personnel have now begun to carry these cards so that they can be positively identified in emergency situations. WidePoint Corporation, a smart card provider to FEMA, produces cards that contain additional personal information, such as medical records and skill sets. Cards like these provide immediate access to information, which allows first responders to bypass organizational paperwork and focus more time on the emergency resolution.
Schools
Smart cards are being provided to students at schools and colleges. Usage includes:- Tracking student attendance
- As an electronic purse, to pay for items at canteens, vending machines etc
- Tracking and monitoring food choices at the canteen, to help the student maintain a healthy diet
- Tracking loans from the school library
Public transit
Smart cards and integrated ticketing have become widely used by public transit operators around the world. Card users may use their cards for other purposes than for transit, such as small purchases. Some operators offer points for usage, exchanged at retailers or for other benefits. Example include the Octopus Card used in Hong Kong, London's Oyster Card, and San Francisco's Clipper card. However, they have been criticized for presenting a privacy risk because it can allow the mass transit operator (and the government) to track an individual's movement. In Finland, for example, the Data Protection Ombudsman prohibited the transport operator Helsinki Metropolitan Area Council (YTV) from collecting such information, despite YTV's argument that the card owner has the right to a list of trips paid with the card. Earlier, such information was used in the investigation of the Myyrmanni bombing.[citation needed]Concessionary travel
A highly successful use for smart cards within the UK is in concessionary travel schemes. Mandated by the Department for Transport, travel entitlements for elderly and disabled residents are administered by local authorities and passenger transport executives. Smart cards have been issued as bus passes to qualifying residents; however these smart cards can instead now be used by elderly and disabled people who qualify for concessionary taxi travel. These schemes are part of an additional service offered by some local authorities as an alternative for residents unable to make use of their bus pass. One example is the "Smartcare go" scheme provided by Ecebs.Other
Smart cards are widely used to protect digital television streams. VideoGuard is a specific example of how smart card security worked (and was cracked).The Malaysian government uses smart identity cards carried by all citizens and resident non-citizens. The personal information inside the MYKAD card can be read using special APDU commands.
Since April 2009, Toppan Printing Company (Toppan insatsu?) has manufactured reusable smart cards for money transfer and made from paper instead of plastic.
Thursday, August 25, 2011
Natalie Hershlag
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| I Love Natalie Portman |
Natalie Hershlag (Hebrew: נטלי הרשלג; born June 9, 1981), better known by her stage name Natalie Portman, is an actress with dual American and Israeli citizenship. Her first role was as an orphan taken in by a hitman in the 1994 French action film Léon, but major success came when she was cast as Padmé Amidala in the Star Wars prequel trilogy. In 1999, she enrolled at Harvard University to study psychology while still working as an actress. She completed her bachelor's degree in 2003.
In 2001, Portman opened in New York City's Public Theater production of Anton Chekhov's The Seagull. In 2005, Portman received a nomination for the Academy Award for Best Supporting Actress as well as winning the Golden Globe Award for Best Supporting Actress - Motion Picture for the drama Closer. She won a Constellation Award for Best Female Performance, and a Saturn Award for Best Actress for her starring role in V for Vendetta (2006). She played leading roles in the historical dramas Goya's Ghosts (2006) and The Other Boleyn Girl (2008). In May 2008, she served as the youngest member of the 61st Annual Cannes Film Festival jury.Portman's directorial debut, Eve, opened the 65th Venice International Film Festival's shorts competition in 2008.
In 2011, Portman won the Academy Award, the Golden Globe Award, the Screen Actors Guild Award, and the BAFTA Award for her lead performance as Nina in Black Swan.
Early life
Portman was born in Jerusalem, Israel. She is the only child of Shelley (née Stevens), an American homemaker who works as Portman's agent, and Avner Hershlag, an Israeli citizen who is a fertility specialist and gynecologist. Portman's maternal ancestors were Jewish immigrants to the United States, from Austria and Russia (her mother's family had changed their surname from "Edelstein" to "Stevens").Her paternal ancestors were Jews who moved to Israel from Poland and Romania. Her paternal grandfather, whose parents died at Auschwitz, was an economics professor in Israel, and her Romanian-born great-grandmother was a spy for British Intelligence during World War II.
Portman's parents met at a Jewish student center at Ohio State University, where her mother was selling tickets. They corresponded after her father returned to Israel, and were married when her mother visited a few years later. In 1984, when Portman was three years old, the family moved to the United States, where her father received his medical training. Portman, a dual citizen of the United States and Israel, has said that although she "really love[s] the States... my heart's in Jerusalem. That's where I feel at home."
Portman and her family first lived in Washington, D.C., but relocated to Connecticut in 1988, and then settled on Long Island, New York, in 1990.
Education
In Washington, D.C., Portman attended Charles E. Smith Jewish Day School. Portman learned to speak Hebrew in addition to English, and attended a Jewish elementary school, the Solomon Schechter Day School of Glen Cove, New York. She graduated from Syosset High School in Syosset, Long Island, in 1999. Portman skipped the premiere of her film Star Wars Episode I: The Phantom Menace so she could study for her high school final exams.
In 2003, Portman graduated from Harvard College with a B.A. degree in psychology. "I don't care if [college] ruins my career," she told the New York Post, according to a Fox News Channel article. "I'd rather be smart than a movie star."At Harvard, Portman was Alan Dershowitz's research assistant. While attending Harvard, she was a resident of Lowell Houseand wrote a letter to the Harvard Crimson in response to an essay critical of Israeli actions toward Palestinians.
Portman took graduate courses at the Hebrew University of Jerusalem in the spring of 2004. In March 2006, she appeared as a guest lecturer at a Columbia University course in terrorism and counterterrorism, where she spoke about her film V for Vendetta.
Portman has professed an interest in foreign languages since childhood and has studied French, Japanese, German, and Arabic.
As a student, Portman co-authored two research papers that were published in scientific journals. Her 1998 high school paper, "A Simple Method to Demonstrate the Enzymatic Production of Hydrogen from Sugar", co-authored with scientists Ian Hurley and Jonathan Woodward, was entered in the Intel Science Talent Search, in which she was named a semifinalist. In 2002, she contributed to a study on memory called "Frontal Lobe Activation during Object Permanence: Data from Near-Infrared Spectroscopy" during her psychology studies at Harvard.
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| I Love Natalie Portman |
Milena Kunis
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| I Love Mila Kunis |
Milena "Mila" Kunis (Russian: Милена Кунис; Ukrainian: Мілена Куніс born August 14, 1983; is an actress who has starred in American films and television. Her work includes the role of Jackie Burkhart on the TV series That '70s Show and the voice of Meg Griffin on the animated series Family Guy. She has also played roles in film, such as Rachel Jansen in Forgetting Sarah Marshall, Mona Sax in Max Payne, Solara in The Book of Eli and Jamie in Friends with Benefits.
In 2010, she won the Marcello Mastroianni Award for Best Young Actor or Actress at the 67th Venice International Film Festival for her performance as Lily in Black Swan. She was also nominated for a Golden Globe Award for Best Supporting Actress and a Screen Actors Guild Award for Outstanding Performance by a Female Actor in a Supporting Role for the same role.
Kunis was born in Chernivtsi in the Ukrainian SSR. Her mother, Elvira, is a physics teacher and drug store manager, and her father, Mark Kunis, is a mechanical engineer and cab company executive. She has an older brother, Michael. Her family moved to Los Angeles, California, in 1991, when she was seven years old. Kunis is Jewish and has cited antisemitism in the former Soviet Union as one of several reasons for her family's move to the U.S She has said that her parents "raised me Jewish as much as they could", though religion was suppressed in the Soviet Union.
Kunis has stated that a lottery system allowed her family to make the move: "It took about five years. If you got chosen the first time around, you went to Moscow, where there was another lottery, and you maybe got chosen again. Then you could come to the States." On her second day in Los Angeles, she was enrolled at Rosewood Elementary School not knowing a word of English. "I blocked out second grade," she says. "I don't remember, but my mom tells me that I came home and cried every day. I wasn't that traumatized. It was just a shock." Kunis added: "I didn't understand the culture. I didn't understand the people. I didn't understand the language. My first sentence of my essay to get into college was like, 'Imagine being blind and deaf at age seven.' And that's kind of what it felt like moving to the States."
In Los Angeles, she attended Hubert Howe Bancroft Middle School. She was mostly taught by an on-set tutor for her high school years while filming That '70s Show. When not on the set, she attended Fairfax High School, where she graduated in 2001. She briefly attended UCLA and Loyola Marymount University in Los Angeles.
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| I Love Mila Kunis |
Wednesday, August 24, 2011
Make money with Twitter using Sponsored Tweets
How long do you think it’ll take you to earn your first dollar blogging? Ask bloggers who’ve actually earned an income and almost all of them will tell you that you won’t see a cent for the first few weeks. Your first dollar? HA! You’ll have to outlast the 80% of bloggers who never made a single dollar — ever!
How long do you think it’ll take you to earn your first dollar with Twitter? You can earn your first dollar in less than a day!
Here’s how Sponsored Tweets work. An advertiser sees your profile and offers to pay you to make a tweet. You accept the offer, click a Tweet button, and the money goes into your account.It’s easy as:
You will get the opportunity to set your own price but Sponsored Tweets will give you a suggested price based on your Twitter stats. One important stat is the number of followers you have so get that number up (watch your following/follower ratio though). Look for my article on how to increase your Twitter followers soon.
I’m going to offer you a parting tip. The quickest way to get your first tweets going is to price your tweets at 25% of the Sponsored Tweets suggested price. So if Sponsored Tweets recommend a $2.00 price per tweet, set your price at $0.50. It’s better to experiment with pricing while earning something in the process. If you start high and slowly work your way down, you won’t make anything for a while.
How long do you think it’ll take you to earn your first dollar with Twitter? You can earn your first dollar in less than a day!
Here’s how Sponsored Tweets work. An advertiser sees your profile and offers to pay you to make a tweet. You accept the offer, click a Tweet button, and the money goes into your account.It’s easy as:
- Clicking on my Sponsored Tweet referral link.
- Signing up as a Tweeter.
- Setting your price.
- Waiting for offers.
You will get the opportunity to set your own price but Sponsored Tweets will give you a suggested price based on your Twitter stats. One important stat is the number of followers you have so get that number up (watch your following/follower ratio though). Look for my article on how to increase your Twitter followers soon.
I’m going to offer you a parting tip. The quickest way to get your first tweets going is to price your tweets at 25% of the Sponsored Tweets suggested price. So if Sponsored Tweets recommend a $2.00 price per tweet, set your price at $0.50. It’s better to experiment with pricing while earning something in the process. If you start high and slowly work your way down, you won’t make anything for a while.
Tuesday, August 23, 2011
Indian People Against Corruption on Facebook and Twitter
Vande Mataram! Jai hind! Bharat Mata Ki Jai! Satyameva Jayate!
Facebook
Twitter
Orkut
Website
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| Bharat Mata Against Corruption |
India Against Corruption (IAC) is a citizen's movement to stop corruption by creating a strong Jan Lokpal institution. The first step in creating a Jan Lokpal is to create a draft Lokpal bill. This has to be then voted and approved by Parliament so that the institution can be setup. Lokpal bills have been introduced several times since 1968, yet the Indian Parliament and the various political parties have not shown the political will to create the Lokpal. Therefore the Lokpal has never been setup.
Due to the negligence of several governments in setting up the Lokpal, the corruption and harassment faced by the ordinary person has increased and enormously large scams leading to the loot of valuable public resources and the siphoning away of hard-earned tax payer money from more than a billion Indians by the powerful have become very common.
Veteran social reformer, development advocate and activist Anna Hazare demanded a strong Jan Lokpal to be implemented by going on a hunger strike at Jantar Mantar in New Delhi. He was supported by several leaders and by Indian citizens all over the world. Bowing to public pressure the Government of India constituted a 10-member Joint Committee consisting of 5 ministers and 5 prominent citizens known as members of the civil society to draft an effective Jan Lokpal Bill.
Once the meetings began, the civil society members found that the ministers were not only disagreeing to several basic and important requirements of an independent and effective Lokpal, but also on simple procedural matters important for the Indian public such as broadcasting the proceedings of the meetings on Television for better transparency. After several meetings the ministers rejected the joint draft they had been working together on and decided to draft their own version called as the 'government's draft'.
Detailed analysis of the government's draft seems to indicate that it may actually increase corruption instead of controlling corruption. Further those citizens who are the victims of corruption and who protest or complain against specific cases of corruption are likely to get very little support from the system, be harassed or even jailed (Refer: http://www.kiranbedi.com/jlp.pdf). The draft bill was called a 'hoax' by Anna Hazare and many people refer to it as a 'jokepal'.
The government is expected to present its draft of the Lokpal bill to Parliament in the next few days. Therefore Anna Hazare met and told Sonia Gandhi that in case the government does not place a strong and effective Jan Lokpal before Parliament and make it into law, he will have no option but to resume his hunger strike. He also reaffirmed his commitment to give up his life in the service of the nation for a strong Jan Lokpal and a brighter future for India.
Now, we are at an important stage of the movement. Thanks to your support we have made enormous progress. But much more needs to be done. We need your continued and active participation in this movement to make it succeed.
This is a once in a lifetime opportunity for us to do something for our motherland. Each person's support and contribution matters. Each of us has to keep our differences from others aside and work tirelessly towards our common goal of a corruption free India that all of us and the future generations will be proud of!
Unity is strength!
United we will win!
Due to the negligence of several governments in setting up the Lokpal, the corruption and harassment faced by the ordinary person has increased and enormously large scams leading to the loot of valuable public resources and the siphoning away of hard-earned tax payer money from more than a billion Indians by the powerful have become very common.
Veteran social reformer, development advocate and activist Anna Hazare demanded a strong Jan Lokpal to be implemented by going on a hunger strike at Jantar Mantar in New Delhi. He was supported by several leaders and by Indian citizens all over the world. Bowing to public pressure the Government of India constituted a 10-member Joint Committee consisting of 5 ministers and 5 prominent citizens known as members of the civil society to draft an effective Jan Lokpal Bill.
Once the meetings began, the civil society members found that the ministers were not only disagreeing to several basic and important requirements of an independent and effective Lokpal, but also on simple procedural matters important for the Indian public such as broadcasting the proceedings of the meetings on Television for better transparency. After several meetings the ministers rejected the joint draft they had been working together on and decided to draft their own version called as the 'government's draft'.
Detailed analysis of the government's draft seems to indicate that it may actually increase corruption instead of controlling corruption. Further those citizens who are the victims of corruption and who protest or complain against specific cases of corruption are likely to get very little support from the system, be harassed or even jailed (Refer: http://www.kiranbedi.com/jlp.pdf). The draft bill was called a 'hoax' by Anna Hazare and many people refer to it as a 'jokepal'.
The government is expected to present its draft of the Lokpal bill to Parliament in the next few days. Therefore Anna Hazare met and told Sonia Gandhi that in case the government does not place a strong and effective Jan Lokpal before Parliament and make it into law, he will have no option but to resume his hunger strike. He also reaffirmed his commitment to give up his life in the service of the nation for a strong Jan Lokpal and a brighter future for India.
Now, we are at an important stage of the movement. Thanks to your support we have made enormous progress. But much more needs to be done. We need your continued and active participation in this movement to make it succeed.
This is a once in a lifetime opportunity for us to do something for our motherland. Each person's support and contribution matters. Each of us has to keep our differences from others aside and work tirelessly towards our common goal of a corruption free India that all of us and the future generations will be proud of!
Unity is strength!
United we will win!
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| Indian Symbol Against Corruption |
Website
Facebook
Twitter
Orkut
Monday, August 22, 2011
Rene Marie Russo
Rene Marie Russo (born February 17, 1954) is an American film actress and former model.
Early life
Russo was born in Burbank, California, the daughter of Shirley (née Balocca), a factory worker and barmaid, and Nino Russo, a sculptor and car mechanic who left the family when Rene was two. Her father and maternal grandfather were of Italian descent. Russo grew up with her sister, Toni, and their single mother. She attended Burroughs High School (where her classmates included director Ron Howard), but eventually dropped out in the tenth grade. To help her family, she began taking a variety of part-time jobs including working in an eyeglass factory, and as a movie cashier.
Acting
By her 30th birthday, demand for her as a model began to dwindle. She did a few more commercials and then turned her back on modeling and show business for a while. She began to study theater and acting, and began appearing in theater roles at small regional theaters in Los Angeles and elsewhere in California.
Russo made her television series debut in 1987, with a supporting role in the TV series Sable. Two years later, she made her debut in film as the girlfriend of the Tom Berenger character in Major League. Her breakthrough role is generally considered to be her part as internal affairs detective Lorna Cole in Lethal Weapon 3 (and again in Lethal Weapon 4) opposite Mel Gibson.
Throughout the 1990s, Russo appeared in a number of thrillers including In the Line of Fire with Clint Eastwood, Outbreak with Dustin Hoffman, Ransom (directed by high school classmate Howard) and The Thomas Crown Affair. She attained a certain degree of cult status from her performance in Freejack, alongside of Emilio Estevez, Mick Jagger, and Anthony Hopkins.
She also tried her hand at comedy in Tin Cup with Kevin Costner, Get Shorty with John Travolta and as Natasha Fatale in the live-action film version of The Adventures of Rocky and Bullwinkle. She starred in at least one major studio film per year from 1992 to 2002.
In 2005 Russo co-starred with Al Pacino in Two for the Money and with Dennis Quaid in Yours, Mine and Ours. In 2011, six years after resting from acting, she appeared in the superhero film, Thor, as Frigga, the mother of the titular hero.
Personal life
Russo has been married to screenwriter Dan Gilroy since 1992. They have one daughter, Rose (born August 31, 1993), and the family currently lives in Brentwood, Los Angeles, California. Her sister Toni was married to lyricist Bernie Taupin in the 1980s, and Rene appeared alongside her sister in the 1987 video for Taupin's solo song, "Citizen Jane."
Sunday, August 21, 2011
Awesome Kissing Types
1. The Wet Kiss
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The Wet Kiss |
Wet kisses are any open-mouthed kisses, with or without tongue. A little bit of wetness during a kiss can be sexy, but try not to overdo it: too much saliva is sloppy. Alternate between wet kisses and closed-mouth kisses and single-lip kisses, and be sure to swallow occasionally so you don't accidentally drool all over your partner.
2.The Single-Lip Kiss
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The Single-Lip Kiss |
To give someone a single-lip kiss, take one of their lips between yours and gently suck or tug on it. It's an awfully romantic kiss, and if you do it right, you'll send tingles up and down your sweetie's spine.
3. The Spiderman Kiss
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The Spiderman Kiss |
Based on the kiss in the 2002 movie Spider-Man, the Spiderman kiss involves kissing someone whose face is upside-down from yours, so your top lip kisses their bottom lip and vice versa.
4. The Earlobe Kiss
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The Earlobe Kiss |
A great kiss to to perform while you're taking a break from lip kisses, the earlobe kiss involves taking someone's earlobe lightly between your lips and tugging gently downward. For a more intense earlobe kiss, add a little bit of tongue, or use a gentle sucking motion on their earlobe.
5. The Butterfly Kiss
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The Butterfly Kiss |
To give someone a butterfly kiss, get close to them so the tips of your eyelashes are touching theirs. Then blink very fast so your eyelashes flutter together like butterfly wings. It's a fun, cute thing to do while you're catching your breath from more traditional kisses. You can also give someone a solo butterfly kiss by fluttering your eyelids against their cheek.
6. The Lip Gloss Kiss
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The Lip Gloss Kiss |
7. The Hickey
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The Hickey |
8. The Secret Message Kiss
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The Secret Message Kiss |
9. The Eskimo Kiss
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The Eskimo Kiss |
In an Eskimo kiss, two people rub their noses back and forth against each other. It's based on real kisses that people in Eskimo cultures give their friends. Just like with lip kisses, Eskimo kisses are best executed with your eyes closed.
10. The Cheek Kiss
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The Cheek Kiss |
The cheek kiss is exactly what it sounds like - a closed-mouth kiss against someone's cheek. Cheek kisses can be used as friendly greetings, flirty thank-you's or cute, unexpected ways to say good-bye to your boyfriend or girlfriend.
11. The French Kiss
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The French Kiss |
Probably the most famous kiss there is, the French kiss is an open-mouthed kiss where one person's tongue touches the other person's tongue. Also called a "tongue kiss," the French kiss easy enough to execute, but it can take years to master. For French kissing tips, check out the following guides:
12.The Vampire Kiss
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The Vampire Kiss |
The vampire kiss is a deep kiss on someone's neck that can involve sucking or light biting on the skin. Since some people find it painful rather than sexy, and since the sucking might leave a hickey, always ask permission before you give someone a vampire kiss.
13. The Lizard Kiss
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The Lizard Kiss |
14. The Air Kiss
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The Air Kiss |
15. The Biting Kiss
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The Biting Kiss |
16. The Angel Kiss
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The Angel Kiss |
To give someone an angel kiss, kiss them very gently on their eyelids or on the spot right next to their eye, using just your lips. It's a very romantic way to wake someone up or say goodbye.
Saturday, August 20, 2011
Bra Wearing Techniques
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Dark Clothes Wear a dark colored bra under dark colored clothes so nothing shows through when you lean over, stretch down, etc. |
| White, Light, or Sheer Clothes |
Wear a flesh-colored bra under white, light or sheer clothes. White, black, patterned or any other color will show through under bright lights and in sunlight. Opt for a seemingly invisible flesh tone instead.
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Strapless |
If your top is strapless or has spaghetti straps, opt for a strapless bra to match.
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Halter Tops or Criss-Cross Tops |
If you have a number of tops with odd sleeves or necklines, consider investing in a flesh-colored convertible bra with clear straps that you can wear in a variety of ways, like strapless, halter, criss-cross, etc. You’ll be surprised by how much use you get out of it.
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Deep-Plunging Neckline |
If your top has a daring décolletage, look for a deep-plunging bra that works well under the top. If your breasts aren’t that big or don’t need a lot of support, consider going braless instead.
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Sports Wear |
Sports bras help keep “the girls” in place during exercise and ofter much-needed support in fabrics that wick away moisture. If you exercise, run, or play sports regularly, invest in one. If you keep excessive bouncing a minimum, you can also minimize potential ligature damage.
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Can’t Wear a Bra Apparel |
If you don’t have large breasts or if the outfit you’re wearing is too revealing for a bra, consider wearing an adhesive bra that sticks under and to your breasts to give a little support and coverage.
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Want to go braless but don’t want all eyes on your nipples? Keep them out of sight with nipple tape. |
Friday, August 19, 2011
Types of Friendship
Acquaintance: not a true friend—sharing of emotional ties are absent. An example would be a coworker with whom you enjoy eating lunch or having coffee, but would not look to for emotional support. Many "friends" that appear on social networking sites are generally acquaintances in real life.
Best friend (or the closest friend): A person with whom someone shares extremely strong interpersonal ties with as a friend.
BFF ("best friend forever"): Slang used primarily in the USA by teenage and young adult women to describe a girl friend or close best friend.
Blood brother or blood sister: Either people related by birth, or a circle of friends who swear loyalty by mingling the blood of each member together though not recommended for risk of blood disease.
Boston marriage: An antiquated American term used during the 19th and 20th centuries to denote two women who lived together in the same household independent of male support. Relationships were not necessarily sexual. It was used to quell fears of lesbians after World War I.
Bro: Slang used primarily in the USA, Australia and New Zealand by teenage and young adult men to describe a boy friend or close best friend. This term is currently used to describe the modern generation of college-age male party-goers. The name is typically associated with attention-seeking males who like to get drunk and party constantly.
Sis: Also slang used primarily in the USA like "Bro" but for women and girls.
Buddy: In the USA, males and sometimes females often refer to each other as "buddies", for
example, introducing a male friend as their "buddy", or a circle of male friends as "buddies". Buddies are also acquaintances that you have during certain events. The term may also refer to an online contact, such as the AOL Buddy List.
Casual relationship or "friends with benefits": A sexual or near-sexual and emotional relationship between two people who don't expect or demand to share a formal romantic relationship. This can also refer to a "hook-up".
Family friend: A friendship extended to family members of the friends. Close relation is developed in those societies where family setup is strong. This term usually used in subcontinent.
Comrade: Means "ally", "friend", or "colleague" in a military or political connotation. This is the feeling of affinity that draws people together in time of war or when people have a mutual enemy or even a common goal. Friendship can be mistaken for comradeship. Former New York Times war correspondent Chris Hedges wrote:
We feel in wartime comradeship. We confuse this with friendship, with love. There are those, who will insist that the comradeship of war is love – the exotic glow that makes us in war feel as one people, one entity, is real, but this is part of war's intoxication. [...] Friends are predetermined; friendship takes place between men and women who possess an intellectual and emotional affinity for each other. But comradeship – that ecstatic bliss that comes with belonging to the crowd in wartime – is within our reach. We can all have comrades.
As a war ends, or a common enemy recedes, many comrades return to being strangers, who lack friendship and have little in common. Sometimes they even become enemies in another war.
Cross-sex friendship: A person having a friend of the opposite sex with having little or no sexual or romantic activity: a male who has a female friend, or a female who has a male friend. Historically cross-sex friendships have been rare. This is because often men would labor in order to support themselves and their family, while women stayed at home and took care of the housework and children. The lack of contact led to men forming friendships exclusively with their colleagues, and women forming friendships with other stay-at-home mothers. However, as women attended schools more and as their presence in the workplace increased, the segregated friendship dynamic was altered, and cross-sex friendships began to increase. Cross-sex friendship has once been a sign of gender deviance, but now it has been loosened because of the increase of gender equality in schools and the workplace, along with certain interests and pastimes such as sports.
However, cross-sex friendships aren't always a socially accepted norm of amity and some of those friendships could develop into romantic feelings (see romantic friendship). However, when these feelings are not mutual, they can often backfire, making it hard for the two to remain friends.
Frenemy: A portmanteau of the words fr(iend) and enemy, the term frenemy refers to someone who pretends to be a friend but actually is an enemy—a proverbial wolf in sheep's clothing in the world of friendships. This is also known as a love–hate relationship. Most people have encountered a frenemy at one time or another in the same places one might find friends—school, work, the neighborhood. The term frenemy was reportedly coined by a sister of author and journalist Jessica Mitford in 1977, and popularized more than twenty years later on the third season of Sex and the City. While most research on friendship and health has focused on the positive relationship between the two, a frenemy is a potential source of irritation and stress. One study by psychologist Dr. Julianne Holt-Lunstad found that unpredictable love–hate relationships characterized by ambivalence can lead to elevations in blood pressure. In a previous study, the same researcher found that blood pressure is higher around friends for whom they have mixed feelings than it is when they're around people whom they clearly dislike.
Fruit flies, fag hag (female), or fag stag (male): denotes a person (usually heterosexual) who forms deep ties or close friendships with gay men. Men (gay or straight) who have lesbian friends have been referred to as lezbros or lesbros. The term has often been claimed by these straight members in gay-straight friendships, however some feel that it is derogatory.
Imaginary friend: a non-physical friend created by a child or even an adult. Sometimes they're human, other times they're animals like the life-size rabbit in the old Jimmy Stewart movie, Harvey. Imaginary friends are also created for people desperate for social interaction but are isolated from contact with humans and pets. It may be seen as bad behavior or even taboo (some religious parents even consider their child to be possessed by an evil "spirit"), but is most commonly regarded as harmless, typical childhood behavior. The friend may or may not be human, and commonly serves a protective purpose.
Internet relationship: a form of friendship or romance which takes place over the Internet. Some internet friendships evolve into real life friendships. Internet friendships are in similar context to a pen pal. These friendships are also based on the thought that the other person that they may not have ever met in real life knows them for who they are instead of the mask they may use in real life.
Mate: In the UK, Ireland, Australia, and New Zealand, blokes often refer to each other as "mates", for example, introducing a male friend as their "mate", or a circle of male friends as "mates". In the UK, as well as Australia, this term has begun to be taken up by women as well as men.
Open relationship: a relationship, usually between two people, that agree each partner is free to have sexual intercourse with others outside the relationship. When this agreement is made between a married couple, it's called an "open marriage".
Communal Friendships: A friendship where the friends gather often to provide encouragement and emotional support in times of great need. this type of friendship tends to last only when opposing parties fulfill the expectations of support for the relationship.
Agentic Friendships: A friendship where both parties look toward each other for help in achieving practical goals in their personal and professional life. These friends help with completing projects, study for and exam, or help a friend move out. These types of friends value sharing time together, but only if there are no other priorities and the friend is actually available to help in the first place. Emotions and sharing of personal information is of no concern to this friend type.
Pen pal: people who have a relationship via postal correspondence. Now pen pals has been established into internet friendship with the use of chat or social networking sites. They may or may not have met each other in person and may share either love, friendship, or simply an acquaintance between each other. This type of correspondence was encouraged in many elementary school children; it was thought that an outside source of information or a different person's experience would help the child become more worldly.
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