History
It was originally a tribal land and was occupied by the Todas along with other tribes who coexisted through specialisation and trade. Frederick price in his book Ootacamund, A History states that the area which is now called as the 'Old Ooty' was originally occupied by the Todas. The Todas then handed over that part of the town to John Sullivan, the then Governor of Coimbatore. He later developed the town, and encouraged the establishment of tea, chinchona, and teak trees. Like many of the settlers, Sullivan was highly impressed by the way the tribes cooperated, and sought to maintain this balance. He later campaigned tirelessly to ensure land rights and cultural recognition for these tribes and was financially and socially punished for this by the British Government.
The Nilgiri territory came into possession of East India Company as part of the ceded lands, held by Tipu Sultan, by the treaty of Srirangapatnam in 1799. Rev. Jacome Forico, a priest, was the first European who visited Nilgiris in 1603 and released his notes about the place and the people of Nilgiris. In 1812 surveyor William Keys and Macmohan visited the top of the plateau. In 1818, Wish and Kindersley, Assistant and Second Assistant to Collector of Coimbatore visited this spot and submitted their experience report to the Collector of Coimbatore John Sullivan. John Sullivan with his party proceeded to Nilgiri Mountain and camped at Dimbhatti, just north of Kotagiri in January 1819. Again in May 1819 he came to the Hill of Ooty and began the construction of his bungalow at Dimbhatti (near Kotagiri), the first European dwelling on the hills. John Sullivan laid the path from Sirumugai (near-Mattupalayam) to Dimbhatti in 1829 and the work was completed in May 1823. The route up to Coonoor was laid in 1830-32 Ooty served as the summer capital of the Madras Presidency and other small kingdoms, much visited by British during the colonial days, and as today, a popular summer and weekend resort. Soldiers were also sent here and to nearby Wellington (The home of the Madras regiment to this day) to recuperate. Its stunning beauty and splendid green deep valleys inspired the British to name it Queen of Hill Stations
It is reached via winding hill roads or a complicated rack railway system, known as the Nilgiri Mountain Railway, built in 1908 by impassioned and enterprising British citizens with venture capital from the Madras government.
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| Doddabetta |
Doddabetta Peak: Dodabetta is the highest mountain in the Nilgiri Hill at a height of 2623 meters (8652 feet) above mean sea level. It lies at the junction of the Western and Eastern Ghats and offers beautiful vistas of the Nilgiri Hill ranges. It is surrounded by dense sholas. One can have a panoramic view of the landscape through the TTDC telescope.
Climate
| Climate data for Udagamandalam | |||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Month | Jan | Feb | Mar | Apr | May | Jun | Jul | Aug | Sep | Oct | Nov | Dec | Year |
| Record high °C (°F) | 24 (75) | 24 (75) | 24 (75) | 25 (77) | 24 (75) | 22 (72) | 20 (68) | 20 (68) | 21 (70) | 21 (70) | 22 (72) | 23 (73) | 25 (77) |
| Average high °C (°F) | 20.3 (68.5) | 20.9 (69.6) | 22.2 (72) | 22.6 (72.7) | 22 (72) | 18.3 (64.9) | 16.9 (62.4) | 17.4 (63.3) | 18.5 (65.3) | 18.8 (65.8) | 18.7 (65.7) | 19.7 (67.5) | 19.69 (67.44) |
| Average low °C (°F) | 5.6 (42.1) | 6.5 (43.7) | 8.8 (47.8) | 10.7 (51.3) | 11.4 (52.5) | 10.2 (50.4) | 11 (52) | 10.9 (51.6) | 10.4 (50.7) | 10.1 (50.2) | 8.6 (47.5) | 6.7 (44.1) | 9.24 (48.64) |
| Record low °C (°F) | -2 (28) | 2 (36) | 5 (41) | 8 (46) | 9 (48) | 8 (46) | 9 (48) | 8 (46) | 7 (45) | 6 (43) | 3 (37) | 2 (36) | -2 (28) |
| Precipitation mm (inches) | 20.5 (0.807) | 10.2 (0.402) | 25.8 (1.016) | 75.4 (2.969) | 147.5 (5.807) | 136.7 (5.382) | 181.1 (7.13) | 123.7 (4.87) | 134.9 (5.311) | 189.2 (7.449) | 139.9 (5.508) | 52.8 (2.079) | 1,237.7 (48.728) |
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